DRSABCD

The DRSABCD is an Acronym that is also referred to as the Primary Survey. It is one of the first things that should be done when encountering a casualty with injuries or an illness. This blog breaks down the Acronym step-by-step.

Danger

The first step is to visibly check for dangers to the casualty and to yourself. The first aider should never put themselves in danger. Common examples of dangers include electricity and the oncoming risk of traffic.

Response

An international way of getting a response from a casualty is to gently shake them on the shoulders. Speak clearly into both ears as the casualty may have had their hearing affected through the accident or could even be deaf. It is important to speak in a positive and friendly manner.

Shout

When no help is around shout loudly to alert others of the situation. Do not leave the casualty at this point as it is very important to complete the final stages of the acronym.

Airways

The airway will need to be clear in order for the casualty to breathe sufficiently. Visibly check the mouth for any obstructions, vomit or blood.

Open the airway for the casualty to prevent the tongue from blocking the airway. This is achieved by tilting the head backwards and lifting the chin upwards.

Breathing

The casualty’s breathing will need to be checked when they show no signs of responding. Keep this simple and address the three main signs:

1. Look - to see if the casualty’s chest is rising and falling
2. Feel - Position your cheek about an inch away from the casualty's face. Can you feel breaths?
3. Listen - The subtle sounds of the breathing process may be apparent.

The three signals may not always be apparent. Sometimes the first aider will rely on two strong signals on in harder cases just one.

The secondary assessment can start once it has been established that the casualty is breathing. When not breathing keep moving through the acronym.

Circulation

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) should be started when it has been established that the casualty is not breathing. The Emergency Services will need to be informed immediately with the information that someone has stopped breathing.

Defibrillation

Automated External Defibrillators (AED) are present in certain environments such as public places and town centres. These could prove a lifesaver if someone has suddenly stopped breathing and should be fetched by another first aider or bystander, whilst CPR continues.

Remember the ambulance / first responder will always have an AED, so make the call as soon as you know someone has stopped breathing.